Which physical decontamination method is most commonly used?

Dilution is the most commonly used physical decontamination method because it effectively reduces the concentration of hazardous substances by mixing them with a larger volume of water or another solvent. This process diminishes the toxicity or harmful effects of the contaminant, making it safer to handle. Water is often the primary agent used in dilution, as it is readily available and effective in dispersing many types of contaminants.

In emergency response situations, rapid dilution can be crucial for minimizing exposure and preventing further contamination. This method is particularly effective for substances that are water-soluble or can be washed away. The ease of applying dilution in the field—using hoses, tanks, or other equipment—further supports its common use.

Other methods, such as vacuuming, neutralizing, and isolation, may also play roles in specific contexts. Vacuuming can be effective for solid or powdered contaminants but doesn't apply to all scenarios. Neutralizing involves chemical reactions that can be complex and is not always applicable, while isolation focuses on containing a hazard rather than reducing its impact. Thus, while these methods have their place, dilution remains the foundational approach to physical decontamination due to its versatility and immediate effectiveness.